Dr. Shapiro and his team had previously been able to put the genes for making gas vesicles into mammalian cells or other bacteria.

此前，Shapiro 博士和他的团队能够将负责制造气泡囊的基因，放进哺乳动物细胞内或其它细菌内。

The idea of the race is simple. Labs from around the world send the runners—whatever sort of mammalian cell they think will do well—to one of six testing sites.

竞赛的想法很简单。世界各地的实验室将把他们的参赛者---无论哪一种他们认为将表现不错的哺乳动物细胞---送到6个测试点之一。

A group of Chinese scientists made a breakthrough as they rendered mammalian cells a unique skill owned by green plants — turning water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and food via sunlight — and revitalized those impaired animal cells.

一个中国科学家团队取得了突破性进展，他们使哺乳动物细胞具备了绿色植物所拥有的独特技能——通过阳光将水和二氧化碳转化为氧气和食物——并使那些受损的动物细胞恢复了活力。

Sometimes these problems could be overcome by making fusion proteins which were later cleaved to give the desired protein, but the subsequent availability of eukaryotic cells for production (yeast or mammalian cell lines) has helped greatly.

转基因动物。