马里联邦（法语：Fédération du Mali），是于1959年4月4日至1960年8月20日间存在于西非的一个联邦国家，现已解体。

1959年4月4日，法属苏丹和塞内加尔两个自治共和国决定在法兰西共同体内结成联邦，首都设在达喀尔，总统由莫迪博·凯塔担任，以古代马里帝国的名称命名为“马里联邦”。1960年6月20日，该国宣布完全独立。

但是不久之后，塞内加尔和苏丹就因为是否应当退出法兰西共同体出现政治分歧。8月20日，塞内加尔宣布退出马里联邦，保留在法兰西共同体内。苏丹则保留了“马里”这个名称，并于次月宣布退出法兰西共同体。

The Mali Federation (French:Fédération du Mali) was a Federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic (or French Sudan) for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie (national police) which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the Premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.