恶意检控（Malicious prosecution），亦作恶意起诉，是英美普通法系的一种蓄意侵权行为，专指检方故意以不合法理的方式起诉被告，以致司法资源遭浪费。 它与侵权法的滥用司法进程类似，包含以下三个元素：

起诉是否「恶意」，法官可从被告的起诉动机去决定，例如：是否属于「报复性检控」。 在其他司法体系或其他场合，「恶意起诉」跟「滥用司法进程」有所具别：有些场合可能分别专指刑事及民事上的用途；但其他场合亦有可能指透过司法进程进行「非法」又或「不必要」的诉讼。具体定义要视乎场合而定。

Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort, while like the tort of abuse of process, its elements include (1) intentionally (and maliciously) instituting and pursuing (or causing to be instituted or pursued) a legal action (civil or criminal) that is (2) brought without probable cause and (3) dismissed in favor of the victim of the malicious prosecution. In some jurisdictions, the term "malicious prosecution" denotes the wrongful initiation of criminal proceedings, while the term "malicious use of process" denotes the wrongful initiation of civil proceedings.