Malassezia yeasts make themselves at home on our skin shortly after we're born.

马拉色菌自我们出生时便很快地在我们的皮肤上定居。

Malassezia evolved to consume our skin's proteins and oils.

马拉色菌进而以我们皮肤的蛋白质和油脂为食。

In most of these locations, a single genus of fungi called Malassezia dominated.

有一种叫做马拉色氏霉菌的单种属真菌几乎占据了所有这些区域。

Dandruff is actually caused by a fungus called Malassezia, and it feeds on the oil.

头皮屑实际上是由一种叫做马拉色菌的真菌引起的，它以油脂为食。

Malassezia eat sebum by secreting an enzyme that releases all of the oil's fatty acids.

马拉色菌分泌一种酶，分解皮脂中的所有脂肪酸。

In fact, Malassezia is a type of yeast that lives and dines on all of our scalps.

事实上，马拉色菌是一种酵母，它在我们所有的头皮上定居和进食。

Scientists are also investigating if there's any benefit to our relationship with Malassezia.

科学家同时也在研究马拉色菌对于我们来说是不是也有好处。

Researchers are learning that Malassezia communicate with our immune system using small, oily molecules called oxylipins that regulate inflammation.

研究人员发现马拉色菌通过一种名为氧化脂素的油性分子与我们的免疫系统传递信息，从而调节炎症反应。

This is how Malassezia's voracious appetite and our bodies reaction to its by-products lead to dandruff.

头皮屑正是由于马拉色菌嗜油脂以及我们对它副产品的反应而产生。

And Malassezia seem to excel at defending their territory, our skin, from other, more harmful microbes like Staphylococcus aureus.

而马拉色菌似乎很擅长保护自身领地，即我们的皮肤，不会受到如金黄色葡萄球菌这些有害微生物的伤害。

But despite the fact that Malassezia colonize everyone to a similar extent, not everyone gets dandruff.

尽管马拉色菌在每个人身上的定植程度都差不多，但并不是每个人都有头皮屑。

Malassezia are fond of these hideouts because they contain glands that secrete an oil called sebum that's thought to lubricate and strengthen our hair.

马拉色菌特别喜欢这些藏身之处，因为这里包含了腺体。而这种腺体能分泌一种油脂，亦称皮脂。普遍认为，这能使我们的头发变得顺滑和强韧。

As previous studies have found, they spotted ten times as much of a type of fungus called Malassezia on dandruff scalps, versus the healthy cohort.

如先期研究结果一样，他们发现头屑头皮上一种叫马拉色菌的真菌，其数量是健康头皮上的十倍。

If you've got malassezia globosa up there-- the scalp fungus that causes dandruff, you might need to scale it up to keep them flakes under control.

如果你感染了球形马拉色菌——一种导致头皮屑的头皮真菌，你可能需要使用大量洗发水来控制这些白色薄片。

As previous studies have found, they spotted 10 times as much of a type of fungus called Malassezia on dandruff scalps versus the healthy cohort.

正如之前的研究发现的那样，他们在头皮屑头皮上发现的一种叫做马拉色菌的真菌是健康人群的10倍。

Currently, the most effective way to get rid of dandruff is by using antifungals in things like shampoos, applied directly to the scalp, to kill Malassezia.

通常，摆脱头皮屑最有效的方法是用含抗真菌成分的洗发露直接抹在头皮上去杀死马拉色菌。