铁路轨道，简称路轨、铁轨、轨道等，也称钢轨、股道。用于铁路上，并与转辙器及道岔合作，令火车无需转向便能行走。轨道通常由两条平衡的钢轨组成。钢轨固定放在枕木上，枕木之下为道碴。

以钢铁制成的路轨，可以比其它物料承受更大的重量。枕木亦称轨枕或路枕，功用是把钢轨的重量分开散布，和保持路轨固定，维持路轨的轨距。

一般而言，轨道的底部为石砾铺成的道碴或道砟。道碴亦称路碴、碎石或道床，是为轨道提供弹性及排水功能。铁轨也可以铺在混凝土筑成的基座上（在桥上就相当常见），甚至嵌在混凝土里。

The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers, British English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable surface for their wheels to roll. For clarity it is often referred to as railway track (British English and UIC terminology) or railroad track (predominantly in the United States). Tracks where electric trains or electric trams run are equipped with an electrification system such as an overhead electrical power line or an additional electrified rail.