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单词 Mahalanobis distance
释义

Mahalanobis distance

中文百科

马氏距离

马氏距离是由印度统计学家马哈拉诺比斯提出的,表示数据的协方差距离。它是一种有效的计算两个未知样本集的相似度的方法。与欧氏距离不同的是它考虑到各种特性之间的联系(例如:一条关于身高的信息会带来一条关于体重的信息,因为两者是有关联的)并且是尺度无关的(scale-invariant),即独立于测量尺度。 对于一个均值为\mu = ( \mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3, \dots , \mu_p )^T,协方差矩阵为\Sigma的多变量矢量x = ( x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots, x_p )^T,其马氏距离为

马氏距离也可以定义为两个服从同一分布并且其协方差矩阵为\Sigma的随机变量 \vec{x} \vec{y}的差异程度:

如果协方差矩阵为单位矩阵,马氏距离就简化为欧氏距离;如果协方差矩阵为对角阵,其也可称为正规化的欧氏距离

英语百科

Mahalanobis distance 马氏距离

The Mahalanobis distance is a measure of the distance between a point P and a distribution D, introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. It is a multi-dimensional generalization of the idea of measuring how many standard deviations away P is from the mean of D. This distance is zero if P is at the mean of D, and grows as P moves away from the mean: along each principal component axis, it measures the number of standard deviations from P to the mean of D. If each of these axes is rescaled to have unit variance, then Mahalanobis distance corresponds to standard Euclidean distance in the transformed space. Mahalanobis distance is thus unitless and scale-invariant, and takes into account the correlations of the data set.

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更新时间:2025/6/22 23:45:09