热力学，全称热动力学（法语：thermodynamique，德语：Thermodynamik，英语：thermodynamics，源于古希腊语θερμός及δύναμις）是研究热现象中物态转变和能量转换规律的学科；它着重研究物质的平衡状态以及与准平衡态的物理、化学过程。热力学定义许多巨观的变量（像温度、内能、熵、压强等），描述各变量之间的关系。热力学描述数量非常多的微观粒子的平均行为，其定律可以用统计力学推导而得。

热力学可以总结为四条定律。热力学第零定律定义了温度这一物理量，指出了相互接触的两个系统，热流的方向。热力学第一定律指出内能这一物理量的存在，并且与系统整体运动的动能和系统与环境相互作用的势能是不同的，区分出热与功的转换。热力学第二定律涉及的物理量是温度和熵。熵是研究不可逆过程引入的物理量，表征系统通过热力学过程向外界最多可以做多少热力学功。热力学第三定律认为，不可能透过有限过程使系统冷却到绝对零度。

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work. It defines macroscopic variables, such as internal energy, entropy, and pressure, that partly describe a body of matter or radiation. It states that the behavior of those variables is subject to general constraints, that are common to all materials, beyond the peculiar properties of particular materials. These general constraints are expressed in the four laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics describes the bulk behavior of the body, not the microscopic behaviors of the very large numbers of its microscopic constituents, such as molecules. The basic results of thermodynamics rely on the existence of idealized states of thermodynamic equilibrium. Its laws are explained by statistical mechanics, in terms of the microscopic constituents.