Macroscopic quantum phenomena

Fig.1 Left: only one particle; usually the small box is empty. However, there is a certain chance of that the particle is in the box. This chance is given by Eq.(15). Middle: a few particles. There are usually some particles in the box. We can define an average, but the actual number of particles in the box has large fluctuations around this average. Right: large number of particles. The fluctuations around the average are small.

Fig.2 Lower part: vertical cross section of a column of superfluid helium rotating around a vertical axis. Upper part: Top view of the surface showing the pattern of vortex cores. From left to right the rotation speed is increased, resulting in an increasing vortex-line density.

Fig. 3. Two superconducting rings in an applied magnetic field
a: thick superconducting ring. The integration loop is completely in the region with vs=0;
b: thick superconducting ring with a weak link. The integration loop is completely in the region with vs=0 except for a small region near the weak link.

Fig. 4. Schematic of a weak link carrying a superconducting current is. The voltage difference over the link is V. The phases of the superconducting wave functions at the left and right side are assumed to be constant (in space, not in time) with values of φ1 and φ2 respectively.

Macroscopic quantum phenomena refer to processes showing quantum behavior at the macroscopic scale, rather than at the atomic scale where quantum effects are prevalent. The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity; other examples include the quantum Hall effect and concerted proton tunneling in ice. Since 2000 there has been extensive experimental work on quantum gases, particularly Bose–Einstein Condensates.

单词	Macroscopic quantum phenomenon
释义	Macroscopic quantum phenomenon 英语百科 Macroscopic quantum phenomena Macroscopic quantum phenomena refer to processes showing quantum behavior at the macroscopic scale, rather than at the atomic scale where quantum effects are prevalent. The best-known examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena are superfluidity and superconductivity; other examples include the quantum Hall effect and concerted proton tunneling in ice. Since 2000 there has been extensive experimental work on quantum gases, particularly Bose–Einstein Condensates.
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Macroscopic quantum phenomenon

Macroscopic quantum phenomena