营养素（英语：Nutrient，又称为养分）是人体所需的一些物质。主要分为人体需求量较大的宏量营养素和需求量较小的微量营养素。其中宏量营养素包括碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维素、蛋白质以及水。微量营养素包括矿物质和维生素。其中维生素又可细分为脂溶性维生素与水溶性维生素两大类。脂溶性维生素包括有：维生素A、D、E、K；水溶性维生素则包括有维生素B1、B2、B6、B12以及烟碱酸、叶酸、维生素C。

宏量营养素，除纤维素和水之外，主要为人体提供能量，以焦耳(jouls)或者卡路里(calories)来衡量。每克碳水化合物或蛋白质提供4千卡能量，每克脂肪提供9千卡能量。其他营养素，包括纤维素、水、矿物质和维生素，不提供能量，但在机体的生理活动中具有重要的作用。

Nutrients are components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow. Macronutrients provide the bulk energy an organism's metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out. Both types of nutrients can be acquired from the environment. Micronutrients are used to build and repair tissues and to regulate body processes while macronutrients are converted to, and used for, energy. Methods of nutrient intake are different for plants and animals. Plants take in nutrients directly from the soil through their roots and from the atmosphere through their leaves. Animals and protists have specialized digestive systems that work to break down macronutrients for energy and utilize micronutrients for both metabolism and anabolism (constructive synthesis) in the body.