However, a few of the errors would have produced new macromolecules that were even better at reproducing themselves.

然而，一些错误会产生新的大分子，这些大分子更善于自我复制。

They would have therefore had an advantage and would have tended to replace the original macromolecules.

因此，它们会有优势，并且会倾向于取代原来的大分子。

Mostly these errors would have been such that the new macromolecule could not reproduce itself and eventually would have been destroyed.

大多数情况下，这些错误会导致新的大分子无法自我复制并最终被破坏。

Those large molecules are called biological molecules — also known as macromolecules — and everything that you eat, I hope, is at least partially made of them.

这些大分子被称为生物分子——也被称为大分子——你吃的所有东西，（我希望）至少部分是由它们组成的。

These pancreatic digestive enzymes break down macromolecules like carbohydrates, lipids and proteins found in food, but these macromolecules are also found in the cells of the pancreas.

这些胰酶会分解食物中的大分子物质（如碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质等），但这些大分子物质也存在于胰腺细胞中。

Righetti and his colleague Gleb Zilberstein, who heads a company called Spectrophon in Israel, developed a handheld device that allows them to capture and characterize protein fragments and other macromolecules from the surface of historical documents.

Righetti 和他的同事 Gleb Zilberstein（在以色列领导一家名为 Spectrophon 的公司）开发了一种手持设备，使他们能够从历史文件的表面捕获和表征蛋白质片段和其他大分子。