淡水长臂大虾（学名：Macrobrachium rosenbergii；泰语：กุ้งก้ามกราม），又称泰国虾、泰国长臂大虾、罗氏沼虾、罗氏虾或淡水虾碌，是分布最为广泛的淡水虾类，并具有十分重要的经济价值。本物种原生于印度洋-太平洋海域的东南亚到澳大利亚北部，目前在中国广东省珠海市的平沙镇、斗门区、新会区，****的里港及盐埔均有大规模的养殖场。

虽然本物种是一种淡水虾种，但其虾苗却必须生活于具一定咸度的咸淡水交界地；一但虾只长成，离开浮游生物阶段，就可以完全在淡水环境里生活。

Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the giant river prawn, giant freshwater prawn, Malaysian prawn, freshwater scampi (especially in India: in West Bengal it is called golda chingdi), or cherabin, is a species of freshwater shrimp native to the Indo-Pacific region, northern Australia and Southeast Asia. This species (as well as other Macrobrachium) is commercially important for its value as a food source. It is commonly called ulang or uwang in the Philippines.