全自动手枪（Machine Pistol—MP）、常被称为冲锋手枪、突击手枪、机关手枪，是一种类似冲锋枪用途，可全自动发射的手枪。

冲锋手枪以弹匣（少部份亦可以使用弹鼓）供弹，可连发或三发点放，但尺寸和较大型的普通手枪相似，亦可单手作单发射击，但在连发时多是双手握持并配上枪托。

冲锋手枪首见于：第一次世界大战德国的鲁格P08的炮兵型，和奥匈帝国的斯泰尔M1912改造枪，前者设有长枪管可配备枪托和32发弹鼓，后者了连发机构配了枪托和改良了弹仓称M1912/P12。

但大量生产的不需要改装的冲锋手枪，一般认为在1932年推出的著名的*****M712连发型，可算是第一种冲锋手枪被广泛使用的代表。

A machine pistol is typically a handgun-style, magazine-fed, self-loading firearm, capable of fully automatic or burst fire, and chambered for pistol cartridges. The term is a literal translation of Maschinenpistole, the German term for a hand-held automatic weapon firing pistol cartridges. While the dividing line between machine pistols and compact submachine guns is hard to draw, the term "submachine gun" usually refers to carbines designed for automatic fire of pistol cartridges, while the term "machine pistol" usually refers to a weapon built up from a semi-automatic pistol design. Machine pistols are generally more compact to be concealable and can be operated one-handed, while submachine guns are usually designed to be two-handed and tend to have longer barrels for better accuracy.