稀土金属，或称稀土元素，是元素周期表第Ⅲ族副族元素钪、钇和镧系元素共17种化学元素的合称。钪和钇因为经常与镧系元素在矿床**生，且具有相似的化学性质，故被认为是稀土元素。

与其名称暗示的不同，稀土元素（钷除外）在地壳中的丰度相当高，其中铈在地壳元素丰度排名第25，占0.0068%（与铜接近）。然而，由于其地球化学性质，稀土元素很少富集到经济上可以开采的程度。稀土元素的名称正是源自其匮乏性。人类第一种发现的稀土矿物是从瑞典伊特比村的矿山中提取出的硅铍钇矿，许多稀土元素的名称正源自于此地。

A rare earth element (REE) or rare earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.