J.C.'s low birth weight placed him among the very smallest of premature babies.

J.C.出生时体重过轻，这使他进入最小的早产儿之列。

The impacts begin before birth, with studies linking pollution to low birth weight and premature birth.

这些影响在孩子出生前就开始了，研究显示，空气污染会导致新生儿体重过轻和早产。

Nearby residents of all ages had an increased chance of severe asthma, a lung disease, and low birth weight.

附近所有年龄段的居民患严重哮喘、肺病和低出生体重的几率都有所增加。

Certainly we haven't had any low birth weight children in that group of patients.

当然，我们在那组患者中没有任何低出生体重儿。

Low birth weight may be caused by external factors, such as smoking during pregnancy.

【external】新生儿体重不足可能是外在因素造成的，如怀孕期间吸烟等。

Some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights, and infant mortality.

妊娠期间的营养不良导致后来更多婴儿的死胎，出生缺陷，新生儿体重不足和新生儿死亡。

Rates of miscarriage, birth defects, preemie births and low birth weights were very close to what women experienced before the pandemic hit us.

流产率、出生缺陷率、早产率和低出生体重率非常接近大流行病袭击我们之前女性所经历的情况。

The researchers said their findings on early births and low birth weights among families living closer to gas wells were similar to the mixed results of similar studies.

研究人员表示，他们在靠近天然气井的家庭中发现的早产和低出生体重与类似研究的混合结果相似。

Based on 48 studies over 20 years, it concluded that even minimal caffeine intake raised the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or low birth weight.

基于 20 年的 48 项研究，它得出结论，即使咖啡因的摄入量很少，也会增加流产、死产或低出生体重的风险。

Although still rare, the dramatic increase in twin births can mean more negative health consequences for mothers of twins and her children, including premature births and low birth weight.

虽然仍然罕见，但双胞胎出生的显著增加可能导致母亲和孩子们承受更多负面健康后果，包括早产和出生体重过低。

Smog can be especially harmful to young children and older people and exposure in pregnant women has been linked to low birth weight and potential birth defects.

烟雾对幼儿和老年人尤其有害，孕妇接触烟雾与低出生体重和潜在的先天缺陷有关。

But Professor Jack James, the 48 studies over 20 years, it concluded that even minimal caffeine intake raised the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth or low birth weight.

但 Jack James 教授在 20 年的 48 项研究中得出的结论是， 即使咖啡因摄入量极少也会增加流产、死产或低出生体重的风险。

The authors, led by Bridget Booske Catlin of the University of Wisconsin, rank each state's counties according to health outcomes: premature death, poor mental and physical health and low birth weights for babies.

在威斯康星大学的布里奇特.博斯克.卡特林（Bridget Booske Catlin）带领下，研究者根据医疗保健状况（婴幼儿死亡率、身心健康状况欠佳、新生儿体重过低等）为各郡排名。

Much of the existing research on work and pregnancy addresses the health of the unborn child, including consequences like low birth weights; this study is one of the first to focus on the health of the pregnant worker.

许多关于工作和怀孕的现有研究都涉及未出生婴儿的健康，包括低出生体重等后果；这项研究是最早关注怀孕工人健康的研究之一。