注意：不要与洛伦兹分布混淆。

劳伦茨曲线是1905年由经济学家马克斯·劳伦茨所提出的表示收入分配的曲线，意大利经济学家科拉多·吉尼在此基础上定义了基尼系数。

在经济学里，劳伦兹曲线是在过往财富分配数据上创建的累积分布函数所对应的曲线，它通过变量y%的值来反映各项分配的比例。它经常被用来描述收入的分配情况，即以x%代表一部分（收入相似）家庭占整个社会家庭的比例，以y%代表该部分家庭的收入占整个社会收入的比例。该曲线也可用来描述社会资本的分配情况。在这些应用当中，经济学家经常把它用来衡量社会（主要指社会收入）是否公平。概率密度函数（f(x)）或累积分布函数（F(x)）：

In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth. It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distribution.

The curve is a graph showing the proportion of overall income or wealth assumed by the bottom x% of the people, although this is not rigorously true for a finite population (see below). It is often used to represent income distribution, where it shows for the bottom x% of households, what percentage (y%) of the total income they have. The percentage of households is plotted on the x-axis, the percentage of income on the y-axis. It can also be used to show distribution of assets. In such use, many economists consider it to be a measure of social inequality.