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单词 Long term potentiation
释义

Long term potentiation

中文百科

长期增强作用 Long-term potentiation

（重定向自Long term potentiation）
长时程增强作用（LTP）是指高频刺激化学突触后突触强度的持续上升。LTP的研究通常是通过海马体切片进行的，海马体是完成学习和记忆的重要器官。在这些研究中，细胞反应的电子记录常常像上图一样绘制出来。这幅图比较了经历LTP的突触对刺激的反应与未经历LTP者的不同。经历LTP的突触与未经历LTP者相比往往对刺激有着较强的电反应。之所以取名“长时程增强作用”，是因为其导致的突触强度增加与其他导致突触强度变化的过程相比，可以持续超长的时间。[1]
19世纪神经生理学家圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔提出，记忆可能是存储在突触——连接神经元、以允许它们之间互相交流的节点之中。
LTP最初是在兔海马体中发现的。在人类中，海马体位于颞叶中间。图中最上面是额叶，最下面是枕叶。
突触被反复刺激。

长期增强作用（英语：Long-term potentiation，LTP）又称长时程增强作用、长期增益效应，是由于同步刺激两个神经元而发生在两个神经元信号传输中的一种持久的增强现象。这是与突触可塑性——突触改变强度的能力相关的几种现象之一。由于记忆被认为是由突触强度的改变来编码的，LTP被普遍视为构成学习与记忆基础的主要分子机制之一。

LTP是1966年泰耶·勒莫在兔海马体中发现的，一直以来是研究的热门主题。许多现代的LTP研究试图更好地了解其生物学基本原理，而其他一些研究则以探索LTP和行为学习之间的因果关系为目标。还有一些则试图开发通过提高LTP改善学习和记忆的方法，不管是采用药物手段还是其他手段。LTP还是临床研究的主题，比如在阿兹海默病和成瘾医学领域。

英语百科

Long-term potentiation 长期增强作用

（重定向自Long term potentiation）
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse. Studies of LTP are often carried out in slices of the hippocampus, an important organ for learning and memory. In such studies, electrical recordings are made from cells and plotted in a graph such as this one. This graph compares the response to stimuli in synapses that have undergone LTP versus synapses that have not undergone LTP. Synapses that have undergone LTP tend to have stronger electrical responses to stimuli than other synapses. The term long-term potentiation comes from the fact that this increase in synaptic strength, or potentiation, lasts a very long time compared to other processes that affect synaptic strength.[1]
The 19th century neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal proposed that memories might be stored across synapses, the junctions between neurons that allow for their communication.
LTP was first discovered in the rabbit hippocampus. In humans, the hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe. This illustration of the underside of the human brain shows the hippocampus highlighted in red. The frontal lobe is at the top of the illustration and the occipital lobe is at the bottom.
A synapse is repeatedly stimulated.

In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. These are patterns of synaptic activity that produce a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between two neurons. The opposite of LTP is long-term depression, which produces a long-lasting decrease in synaptic strength.
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更新时间：2025/6/23 0:50:55