数学用表是计算器普及之前，用于简化并加快运算速度的表格。数学用表中列出了大量不同变量进行计算后的结果，用户可以通过查表直接得到运算结果。最常见的数学用表是乘法表，多数人在早期的数学课上就学习了这一表格：

例如要查找7×8的结果，可以查询第7行第8列并得到结果56。

Before calculators were cheap and plentiful, people would use mathematical tables —lists of numbers showing the results of calculation with varying arguments— to simplify and drastically speed up computation. Tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions were common in math and science textbooks. Specialized tables were published for applications such as astronomy, celestial navigation and statistics.