Different types include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.

微生物有细菌、古菌、真菌、原生动物、藻类和病毒等不同类型。

But maybe you can explain archaea, and eukaryotes, Alice.

也许你应该解释一下古生菌和真核生物。

Long ago, Earth's oceans were filled with purple single-celled organisms called archaea.

很久以前，地球的海洋里满是单细胞的紫色生物，叫做古生菌。

Trillions and trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea consider your bowels their home.

上亿细菌、病毒、真菌、古菌将你的肠子作为它们的家。

And sediment samples brought carefully to the surface were found to contain bacteria and archaea.

科学家还发现从深海小心翼翼带到地表的沉积物样本里含有细菌和古代细菌。

After 12 years of trying, they succeeded in culturing a microbe that belongs to an elusive group called Asgard archaea.

经过12年的努力，他们成功地培养出了一种微生物，它属于一个叫阿斯加德古菌的难以捉摸的群体。

Archaea and bacteria are prokaryotes, and because they do not have nuclei in their DNA, it is located in their cytoplasm.

古生菌和细菌都是原核生物，因为它们的 DNA 中没有细胞核，细胞核位于细胞质中。

Like all primitive spiders, Archaea uses its two gigantic chelicerae and its lightening venom to capture its prey.

跟所有原始蜘蛛一样，古蛛用两个巨大的前螯以及迅猛的毒液来捕获猎物。

Archaea are a group of single-celled microbes similar to bacteria but different to all other known types.

古生菌是指单细胞微生物，类似于细菌，但是不同于已知的细菌类型。

A teaspoon of soil holds billions of organisms, things like bacteria, fungi, protists and archaea.

一茶匙土壤中含有数十亿种生物，例如细菌、真菌、原生生物和古细菌。

Bacteria, single-celled organisms called archaea, plants, and even other animals can all survive drying up.

细菌、被称为古细菌的单细胞生物、植物，甚至其他动物都可以在干涸的环境中存活下来。

Bacteria and archaea mingle with other microbes like algae, fungi, and protozoa, forming dense, organized structures that grow on almost any surface.

水澡，真菌，原生动物等微生物，与细菌、古生菌混合，形成紧密、有序的能在几乎所有表面上生长的结构。

The team also found a few species of archaea, as well as a type of bacteria called Salinibacter ruber.

该团队还发现了几种古细菌，以及一种叫做 Salinibacter ruber 的细菌。

Hordes of bacteria, archaea, and fungi have evolved to produce powerful enzymes that break down tough organic material into digestible nutrients.

成群结队的细菌、古细菌和真菌已经进化为产生强大的酶，这些酶可以将坚硬的有机物质分解成可消化的营养物质。

He tells us how in the 1970s a scientist called Carl Woese identified a new kingdom of living things that he called archaea– meaning ancient ones.

在20世纪70年代，一位名叫卡尔·乌斯的科学家是如何发现古生菌这一新生物王国的，archaea是指古代的生物。

But why are archaea so important? Why do they need a whole biological domain to themselves, while we humans get squashed up in one domain with plants and fungi?

为什么古生菌如此重要？为什么它们能单独成为一个分类？然而我们人类要和植物、真菌挤在一个分类里？

So they started trying to identify some of the algae, archaea, and bacteria that make up Lake Hillier’s microbiome, and presented their findings at a conference last month.

因此， 他们开始尝试识别构成希利尔湖微生物组的一些藻类、 古生菌和细菌，并在上个月的一次会议上展示了他们的发现。