That turned out to be just remnants, not live viruses capable of infecting.

那只是病毒残余，而不是能够感染的活病毒。

In rare situations, the live virus in the oral vaccine can change into a form capable of causing polio infections.

在罕见的情况下，口服疫苗中的活体病毒可转变为能够引发脊髓灰质炎感染的形式。

So, on that note, how long can the virus live on items?

- 那么，就此而言，病毒可以在物品上存活多久？

Then we moved to these weakened live viruses, and frankly, those are the best vaccines.

然后我们转向这些弱化的活病毒，坦率地说，那些是最好的疫苗。

Scientific studies have shown that the virus can live for two to three days on materials like plastic and stainless steel.

一些科学研究表明，新冠病毒可在塑料以及不锈钢等材质上存活2-3天。

Every time you wash with soap and water, you surround the germs and viruses living on your skin with soap molecules.

每次用肥皂和水清洗时，肥皂分子都会包裹住皮肤上的细菌和病毒。

A few labs have reported finding whole, live viruses– not just snippets of viral genetic code–in feces.

一些实验室报告说在粪便中发现了完整的活病毒——而不仅仅是病毒遗传密码的片段。

Some parts of the world use, instead of a shot, an inhaled vaccine that contains a weakened live virus.

世界上的一些地方使用的是一种含有弱化活病毒的吸入疫苗，而不是注射疫苗。

It uses a small amount of live measles virus that’s been weakened by a process called cell culture adaptation.

它使用少量活的麻疹病毒，这种病毒已经被称为细胞培养适应的过程削弱了。

The scientists involved in the first studies in Europe and Australia explained that what they are collecting is not live, infectious virus.

参与欧洲和澳大利亚首批研究的科学家解释说，他们正在收集的并不是活性传染病毒。

Scientists have found evidence of Ebola infection in several bat species, but they have never isolated live virus from them.

科学家们已经在几种蝙蝠物种中发现了埃博拉病毒感染的证据，但他们从未从它们身上分离出活病毒。

It had subsequently mutated into strains of live virus capable of causing paralysis as researchers discovered from samples taken from the man over a ten year period.

在10年的时间里，研究人员在对该男子的检查中发现，病毒进行了变异，变异的病毒能够导致瘫痪。

Why did he focus so intently on the killed virus, when others, like his legendary competitor Albert Sabin, were dead set on trying to develop a live virus?

为什么他如此专注于灭活病毒，而其他人，比如他的传奇对手阿尔伯特·萨宾，却一心一意地想要开发减毒疫苗？

Traditional vaccines contain weakened versions of live viruses or amputated sections of a virus, both of which required time intensive research to prepare and unique chemical treatments to safely inject.

传统疫苗包含活病毒的弱化版本或病毒的截肢部分，这两者都需要时间密集的研究来准备和独特的化学处理才能安全注射。

It could take months for them to arrive in the US. The hope is that the researchers will not only find live Ebola virus and finally prove that this bat species is the reservoir for this type.

他们可能需要几个月的时间才能抵达美国。希望研究人员不仅能找到活的埃博拉病毒，还能最终证明这种蝙蝠物种是这种病毒的宿主。