阿拉米人（Aramean people，又译为亚拉米人、亚兰人、阿拉姆人、亚拉姆人、阿拉美亚人）是青铜时代晚期到铁器时代生活在今叙利亚南部及幼发拉底河中上游一带（即《圣经》中提到的亚兰地区）的半游牧民族，属于闪族的一支。曾创建过大马士革王国等政权，据《圣经》中提到，其经常与以色列交战。

阿拉米语在前1000年至公元7世纪是西亚的国际性语言，目前仍在使用，是世界上少数存活了上千年的古老语言之一。阿拉米人后裔在7世纪中叶之后受到阿拉伯人的许多影响，但仍然继续使用阿拉米语。但后来，很多阿拉米人后裔在加入伊斯兰教以后便放弃了原有的文化习俗和语言民族认同，成为了阿拉伯人的一部分。

The ancient Arameans, or Aramaeans, (Aramaic:ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ‎, ʼaramáyé) were a Northwest Semitic people who emerged during the 12th century BC in what is now present-day western, southern and central Syria (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age, at a time when the region was ruled by the Middle Assyrian Empire (1365-1050 BC). Subsequent to the decline of the Middle Assyrian Empire in the latter half of the 11th century BC they established a patchwork of small Aramaic kingdoms in the Levant (modern Syria), then known as Eber-Nari and Aram). During the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911-605 BC), e.g. under the rule of king Tiglath-Pileser III Aramean tribes were conquered and deported to different parts of the Assyrian empire.