阿拉伯沙漠出现在阿拉伯半岛的大部份区域内。它是个很大的沙漠，由也门延伸至波斯湾、阿曼至约旦及伊拉克。其中心为空虚地带，世上最大的沙体之一。瞪羚、剑羚、沙猫和王者蜥为生存于此一极限环境内适应沙漠的部份物种。其气候十分地干燥且日夜温差极大。其为沙漠及旱生植物区生物群落和古北界生态带的一部份。

此一生态区有着较少的生物多样性，即使有少许的特有种植物生长于此。许多的物种，如条纹鬣狗、胡狼及蜜獾等动物都已因狩猎、人类侵占和栖地破坏等因素而绝种。其他物种则有成功复育的，如快绝种的弯角剑羚及沙漠瞪羚都被保护在一定数量上。家畜的过度放牧、越野驾驶及人为栖地破坏是此一沙漠生态区最大的威胁。

The Arabian Desert is located in Western Asia. It is a vast desert wilderness stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula, with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers (900,000 sq mi). At its center is the Rub'al-Khali, one of the largest continuous bodies of sand in the world. Gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards are just some of the desert-adapted species that survive in this extreme environment, which features everything from red dunes to deadly quicksand. The climate is mostly dry (the major part receives around 100 mm of rain per year but some very rare places receives down to 50 mm), and temperatures oscillate between very high heat and seasonal night time freezes. It is part of the Deserts and xeric shrublands biome and the Palearctic ecozone. This ecoregion holds little biodiversity, although a few endemic plants grow here. Many species, such as the striped hyena, jackal and honey badger have become extinct in this area due to hunting, human encroachment and habitat destruction. Other species have been successfully re-introduced, such as the sand gazelle, and are protected at a number of reserves. Overgrazing by livestock, off-road driving, and human destruction of habitat are the main threats to this desert ecoregion.