紫玉兰（学名：Magnolia liliiflora），木兰科木兰属，又名木兰、辛夷（江苏）、木笔（花镜）、望春、女郎花，为中国特有植物，分布在中国大陆的云南、福建、湖北、四川等地，生长于海拔300米至1,600米的地区，一般生长在山坡林缘。紫玉兰花朵艳丽怡人，芳香淡雅，“紫苞红焰，作莲及兰花香”，故唐代裴迪有诗：“况有辛夷花，色与芙蓉乱。”紫玉兰孤植或丛植都很美观，树形婀娜，枝繁花茂，是优良的庭园、街道绿化植物，与玉兰同为中国有2000多年历史的传统花卉和中药。紫玉兰已在《中国物种红色名录》中被评为易危（VU A2c），且不易移植和养护，因此是非常珍贵的花木。

Magnolia liliiflora (variously known by many names, including Mulan magnolia, Purple magnolia, Red magnolia, Lily magnolia, Tulip magnolia, Jane magnolia and Woody-orchid) is a small tree native to southwest China (in Sichuan and Yunnan), but cultivated for centuries elsewhere in China and also Japan. It was first introduced to English-speaking countries from cultivated Japanese origins, and is thus also sometimes called Japanese magnolia, though it is not native to Japan. It is now also planted as an ornamental in North America and Europe, though rather less often than its popular hybrid (see below). The name Yulania liliiflora is a synonym.