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单词 Aqua privy
释义

Aqua privy

中文百科

旱厕 Pit latrine

(重定向自Aqua privy)
旱厕建筑
旱厕厕格内部
旱厕的示意图[1]
位于蒲台岛的旱厕

旱厕,或蹲坑厕所,是一种借着在地下挖洞从而能储藏粪尿的厕所。这类型的厕所,通常没有冲水设备或只储备一到三公升的水来冲马桶 。若按正确工法建造且妥善维持的话,旱厕可以减少因为随地便溺而积累的粪便,进而降低疾病的传播,甚至能缩减苍蝇在食物和排泄物间传播病原体的机会。这些病原体,多是引发感染性腹泻和肠道寄生虫的主要元凶。在2011年,约有70万不到五岁的幼童因为感染性腹泻而死亡,更有2亿5000万的学童因此不能上学。要避免人和排泄物接触,旱厕是最经济实惠的方法。

旱厕通常包含三个主要部分,分别为一块带洞的石板或地板,以及屏蔽物。旱厕的屏蔽物也通常被叫做外屋。典型的旱厕至少有三公尺(10英呎)深、一公尺(3.2英呎)宽。世界卫生组织权衡上厕所的便捷性和厕所的气味,推荐旱厕修建在距离屋子一定的距离外。旱厕应距地下水及地表水越远越好,以减少地下水污染的风险。地板上的洞不应该大于25公分(9.8英吋),以免儿童掉入。应避免灯光照射到粪坑以减少苍蝇飞入,这需要在旱厕不使用时使用盖子盖住粪坑。当粪便堆积到距坑口0.5公尺(1.6英呎)时,粪坑应被掏清或重新修建,屏蔽物也应被移动或在新地点重新修建。掏出来粪便污泥的处理是极其复杂的,若是没有处理得当,会有环境及健康风险。

英语百科

Pit latrine 旱厕

(重定向自Aqua privy)
Drawing of a simple pit latrine with a squatting pan and shelter[1]
Common problem: groundwater well (forefront) is in close proximity to the pit latrine (brick building at the back) in Lusaka, Zambia
Schematic of the pit of a pit latrine.[2] The defecation hole in the slab is shown at the top, and the user squats or sits above this defecation hole. Pits can be lined with a support ring at the top of the pit as shown in this schematic.
Digging the pit for an Arborloo, a type of pit toilet in Cap-Haitien, Haiti

A pit latrine or pit toilet is a type of toilet that collects human feces in a hole in the ground. They use either no water or one to three liters per flush with pour-flush pit latrines. When properly built and maintained they can decrease the spread of disease by reducing the amount of human feces in the environment from open defecation. This decreases the transfer of pathogens between feces and food by flies. These pathogens are major causes of infectious diarrhea and intestinal worm infections. Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days. Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.

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更新时间:2025/6/20 12:26:35