水产养殖是水产业的一种，系利用天然水面或人造池塭，放养经济价值较高之鱼类、贝类、甲壳类及藻类等之种苗，施与饵料，驱除病害，使其成长迅速，进而进行人工繁殖之有计划生产之事业。

Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Broadly speaking, the relation of aquaculture to finfish and shellfish fisheries is analogous to the relation of agriculture to hunting and gathering. Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.