博雅教育（拉丁语：artes liberales，英语：liberal arts），又译为文科教育、人文教育、通才教育、通识教育、素质教育，原是指在西方古典时代中，一个自由的城市公民所应该学习的基本学科。文法、修辞与逻辑，是文科教育中的核心部份，被称为三艺（Trivium）。至中古时代，它的范围被扩大到包括算术、几何学、音乐以及天文学（其中也包括了占星学），这被称为四艺（Quadrivium）。三艺与四艺，合称人文七艺（seven liberal arts），或自由七艺，是中世纪大学中的主要科目。

The liberal arts (Latin: artes liberales) are those subjects or skills that in classical antiquity were considered essential for a free person (Latin: liberalis, "worthy of a free person") to know in order to take an active part in civic life, something that (for Ancient Greece) included participating in public debate, defending oneself in court, serving on juries, and most importantly, military service. Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a (somewhat lesser) part in education.