Lerner index
The Lerner index, formalized in 1934 by Abba Lerner, describes a firm's market power. It is defined by:
where P is the market price set by the firm and MC is the firm's marginal cost. The index ranges from a high of 1 to a low of 0, with higher numbers implying greater market power. For a perfectly competitive firm (where P=MC), L=0; such a firm has no market power.