《柠檬市场：质量不确定性和市场机制》（英语：The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism）是美国经济学家乔治·阿克洛夫在1970年发表的一篇论文。在这篇论文中解释了，当市场中，买方与卖方存在信息不对称时，市场中的商品品质会一直下降的经济现象。该论文曾经因为被认为“肤浅”，先后遭到三家权威的经济学刊物拒绝。几经周折，该论文才得以在哈佛大学的《经济学季刊》上发表，结果立刻引起巨大反响。。乔治·阿克洛夫，与迈克尔·斯彭斯与约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨等三人，因为在不对称信息上的研究，共同获得2001年的诺贝尔经济学奖。

"The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism" is a 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof which examines how the quality of goods traded in a market can degrade in the presence of information asymmetry between buyers and sellers, leaving only "lemons" behind. A lemon is an American slang term for a car that is found to be defective only after it has been bought.