滑蹠蟾科（学名：Leiopelmatidae）是两栖纲无尾目的一个科，现存1属4种，有时也将北美洲尾蟾属列入其下。滑蹠蟾科是世界上最原始的蛙类，滑蹠蟾属现仅分布于新西兰，也是新西兰唯一的两栖动物。生活在近水的潮湿地带，雌蛙将卵产在地面，由雄蛙负责保护直至孵化，卵孵出的时候已经长有四肢，接近完成变态。

Leiopelmatidae is the family of New Zealand primitive frogs, belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia. The leiopelmatids' relatively primitive form indicates they have an ancient lineage. While some taxonomists have suggested combining the North American frogs of the genus Ascaphus in the family Ascaphidae with the New Zealand frogs of the genus Leiopelma in the Leiopelmatidae family, the current consensus is that these two groups constitute two separate families. The four extant species of Leiopelmatidae are only found in New Zealand.