I learned the basic knowledge of Chinese painting in her class.

我在她的课上学习了国画的基础知识。

They might also " fly by the seat of their pants" -- they use their natural sense to do something instead of their learned knowledge.

这些人可能会凭直觉行事，而不是依靠掌握的知识来做事。

There are lots of definitions of science, but I'll say that it's a body of knowledge, and a method of how we learned that knowledge.

科学有很多定义，但我想说它是一个知识体系，是我们学习知识的一种方法。

No, this world of thought was also still on this side, and nothing could be achieved by killing the random self of the senses, if the random self of thoughts and learned knowledge was fattened on the other hand.

不，这个思想世界也在这边，如果把思想和知识的随机自我养肥的话，杀掉感官的随机自我也无济于事。