In temperate forests, the build-up of leaf litter creates rich stores of nutrients.

在温带森林里，落叶形成的腐殖质层可以贮藏养分。

Forest crabs are common here, feeding on the abundant leaf litter.

森林蟹在这很常见，它们以丰富的枯枝落叶为食物。

You may have seen them scooting around on leaf litter in the fall.

你可能见过它们秋天在落叶堆上快速爬行。

That threatens the tiny flies, which need the damp rotting leaf litter of the forest floor to thrive.

这对需要潮湿腐烂的森林落叶层才能繁衍生息的小苍蝇造成了威胁。

Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.

在那上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。

The queens also take shelter in long grass and leaf litter, suggesting an intervention closer to home - if you can resist raking, that is.

蜂王还会躲在长草和落叶中，这意味着家附近也能进行干预——如果你能忍住不去清理的话。

They are small beetles that live in the leaf litter and under stones, and they may be attacked by animals such as toads and shrews.

这些小甲虫栖息于落叶层和石缝间，它们可能被蟾蜍、 鼩鼱等动物袭击。

Insects like ladybugs, emerald ash borers, and mourning cloak butterflies burrow into soil or leaf litter for warmth.

瓢虫、翡翠灰蛀虫和丧斗篷蝴蝶等昆虫会钻入土壤或落叶层中取暖。

And there, amid the leaf litter, were bloodied bits of fur and bone … clues about how wolves alter the ecosystems they live, and hunt, and kill in.

在落叶中，有血迹斑斑的皮毛和骨头...这是关于狼如何改变它们生活、追捕和杀戮的生态系统的线索。