叶绿素是存在于植物、藻类和蓝藻中的光合色素。

光合作用的第一步是光能被叶绿素吸收并将叶绿素离子化。产生的化学能被暂时储存在三磷酸腺苷(ATP)中，并最终将二氧化碳和水转化为氧气和碳水化合物。叶绿素吸收大部分的红光和蓝光但反射绿光，所以叶绿素呈现绿色。

并非只有叶子才有叶绿素，叶柄的薄壁细胞都有叶绿素的存在。就是在一片叶子之中，也并非只有叶肉细胞有叶绿素，维管束鞘和保卫细胞都有叶绿素。当秋天渐渐来临，日照时间和空气适度都逐渐变少时， 一层在叶柄和树的木质部的细胞就慢慢形成了。这层细胞妨碍了水和养料的输送，因此光合作用减产了，没有了叶绿素的叶子在短时间内就变成其他颜色了。

Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is a term used for several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός, chloros ("green") and φύλλον, phyllon ("leaf"). Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophyll absorbs light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, followed by the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum which it reflects, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. Chlorophyll was first isolated and named by Joseph Bienaimé Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in 1817.