黑寡妇蜘蛛（学名：Latrodectus mactans）又名红斑寇蛛，常称作黑寡妇，是一种具强烈神经毒素的蜘蛛，人若被咬，可能致命。

它是一种广泛分布的大型寇蛛属蜘蛛，包括四川、海南等地，通常生长在城市居民区和农村地区，常采集于石块堆中。

Latrodectus mactans, known as the southern black widow or simply black widow, is a highly venomous species of spider in the genus Latrodectus. They are well known for the distinctive black and red coloring of the female of the species that will occasionally eat her mate after reproduction. The species is native to North America. The venom is seldom fatal to healthy humans.