灯笼鱼科（学名：Myctophidae）是辐鳍鱼纲灯笼鱼目的其中一科。

灯笼鱼科下分34个属，如下：

Not to be confused with Lophiiformes Anglerfish (some of which have bioluminescent "lanterns" which grow from their foreheads).

Lanternfishes (or myctophids, from the Greek mykter, "nose" and ophis, "serpent") are small mesopelagic fish of the large family Myctophidae. One of two families in the order Myctophiformes, the Myctophidae are represented by 246 species in 33 genera, and are found in oceans worldwide. They are aptly named after their conspicuous use of bioluminescence. Their sister family, the Neoscopelidae, are much fewer in number but superficially very similar; at least one neoscopelid shares the common name 'lanternfish': the large-scaled lantern fish, Neoscopelus macrolepidotus.