In places that were colonised unsuccessfully or not at all-such as Europe, Japan and China-indigenous languages rule.

在殖民失败或是从未被殖民过的地方——如欧洲、日本和中国——则一直使用本土语言。

That means that while experts like to dictate language rules, they do not have any official or decisive power.

这意味着，尽管专家们喜欢规定语言规则，但他们没有任何官方或决定性的权力。

The mix of Tagalog, Spanish, English and some Japanese that began in the 1970s is known as a mode of social resistance for the way that it allows speakers to play with gendered language rules of the languages they speak.

自 20 世纪 70 年代开始，他加禄语、西班牙语、英语和一些日语的混合被称为一种社会抵抗模式，因为它允许说话者玩弄他们所说语言的性别语言规则。