Applied linguistics addresses the study of multilingual and bilingual societies. This involves understanding the dynamics of language contact, language maintenance, and the challenges faced by individuals in multilingual contexts.

应用语言学致力于研究多语言和双语社会。这涉及了解语言接触的动态、语言维持以及个人在多语言环境中面临的挑战。

And in this language contact situation, the enslaved people were forced to learn the language of their captors, made all the more difficult by the fact that they were not allowed to read or write.

在这种语言接触的情况下，被奴役的人被迫学习俘虏他们的人的语言，由于他们不被允许阅读或写作， 因此变得更加困难。