挪威海螯虾（学名：Nephrops norvegicus），是软甲纲十足目海螯虾科下的一个种属。身型幼细，双钳修长，呈橙色或粉红色，体长约有24公分。主要分布于东大西洋海域，北至挪威及冰岛之间的挪威海海域，南至葡萄牙对开海域均能找到牠们的踪影。在地中海一带，挪威海螯虾并不常见；唯独于亚得里亚海北部海域，才是挪威海螯虾的活跃地带。

牠们的尾部有强力的肌能，肉质丰富，因此成为受欢迎的海鲜美食。由于挪威海螯虾价格比一般的欧洲龙虾廉宜，所以在西班牙及葡萄牙等地，每逢重大节日或者有庆祝活动，都会烹煮挪威海螯虾。

Nephrops norvegicus, known variously as the Norway lobster, Dublin Bay prawn, langoustine (compare langostino) or scampi, is a slim, orange-pink lobster which grows up to 25 cm (10 in) long, and is "the most important commercial crustacean in Europe". It is now the only extant species in the genus Nephrops, after several other species were moved to the closely related genus Metanephrops. It lives in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, and parts of the Mediterranean Sea, but is absent from the Baltic Sea and Black Sea. Adults emerge from their burrows at night to feed on worms and fish.