层流是流体的一种流动状态。当流速很小时，流体分层流动，互不混合，称为层流，或称为片流；逐渐增加流速，流体的流线开始出现波浪状的摆动，摆动的频率及振幅随流速的增加而增加，此种流况称为过渡流；当流速增加到很大时，流线不再清楚可辨，流场中有许多小漩涡，称为湍流，又称为乱流、扰流或紊流。

这种变化可以用雷诺数来量化。雷诺数较小时，黏滞力对流场的影响大于惯性力，流场中流速的扰动会因黏滞力而衰减，流体流动稳定，为层流；反之，若雷诺数较大时，惯性力对流场的影响大于黏滞力，流体流动较不稳定，流速的微小变化容易发展、增强，形成紊乱、不规则的湍流流场。

In fluid dynamics, laminar flow (or streamline flow) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers. At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards. There are no cross-currents perpendicular to the direction of flow, nor eddies or swirls of fluids. In laminar flow, the motion of the particles of the fluid is very orderly with all particles moving in straight lines parallel to the pipe walls. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection.