拉格朗日力学（英语：Lagrangian mechanics）是分析力学中的一种，于1788年由约瑟夫·拉格朗日所创立。拉格朗日力学是对经典力学的一种的新的理论表述，着重于数学解析的方法，并运用最小作用量原理，是分析力学的重要组成部分。

经典力学最初的表述形式由牛顿创建，它着重于分析位移，速度，加速度，力等矢量间的关系，又称为矢量力学。拉格朗日引入了广义坐标的概念，又运用达朗贝尔原理，求得与牛顿第二定律等价的拉格朗日方程。不仅如此，拉格朗日方程具有更普遍的意义，适用范围更广泛。还有，选取恰当的广义坐标，可以大大地简化拉格朗日方程的求解过程。

Lagrangian mechanics is a reformulation of classical mechanics, introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788.

In Lagrangian mechanics, the trajectory of a system of particles is derived by solving the Lagrange equations in one of two forms, either the Lagrange equations of the first kind, which treat constraints explicitly as extra equations, often using Lagrange multipliers; or the Lagrange equations of the second kind, which incorporate the constraints directly by judicious choice of generalized coordinates. In each case, a mathematical function called the Lagrangian is a function of the generalized coordinates, their time derivatives, and time, and contains the information about the dynamics of the system.