Over the next decade rich-world populations will age rapidly, dragging further on labour supply.

在接下来的十年里，富裕国家的人口将迅速老龄化，进一步拉低劳动力供应。

For the employer, a part-time workforce means a cheap labour supply.

【cheap，cheaply，cheapness】对雇主来说，兼职工意味着廉价的劳动力。

According to the imf's analysis, fundamentals mattered less than the intense constraints on labour supply associated with lockdowns and social distancing.

根据国际货币基金组织的分析，基本面的重要性不如与封锁和社会疏远相关的对劳动力供应的严格限制。

But that experience cannot be repeated, and ageing is beginning to hit labour supply in parts of the emerging world, as well.

但这种经历无法重演，老龄化也开始影响新兴世界部分地区的劳动力供应。

From the 1990s to the 2010s, global labour supply expanded rapidly as populous economies like China and India became better integrated into the world economy.

从 1990 年代到 2010 年代，随着中国和印度等人口众多的经济体更好地融入世界经济，全球劳动力供应迅速扩大。

Younger generations are now more likely to be studying and less likely to be working during their early 20s, adding to the squeeze on labour supply.

年轻一代现在更有可能在 20 岁出头时学习，而不太可能工作，这加剧了劳动力供应的紧张。

Although robots may eventually help plug workforce gaps, rich countries looking to expand production will need to welcome foreign workers, or source goods and components through supply chains which tap abundant labour supplies in other economies.

尽管机器人最终可能有助于填补劳动力缺口，但寻求扩大生产的富裕国家将需要欢迎外国工人，或通过利用其他经济体丰富的劳动力供应的供应链采购商品和零部件。

Now, in so far as the classical theory assumes that real wages are always equal to the marginal disutility of labour and that the latter increases when employment increases, so that the labour supply will fall off; cet.

现在，就经典理论而言，假设实际工资总是等于劳动的边际负效用，并且后者随着就业增加而增加，因此劳动力供给会下降； cet。