克罗内克积

数学上，克罗内克积是两个任意大小的矩阵间的运算，表示为 $\otimes$ 。克罗内克积是张量积的特殊形式，以德国数学家利奥波德·克罗内克命名。

如果A是一个 m × n 的矩阵，而B是一个 p × q 的矩阵，克罗内克积 $A \otimes B$ 则是一个 mp × nq 的分块矩阵

A \otimes B = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} B & \cdots & a_{1n}B \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m1} B & \cdots & a_{mn} B \end{bmatrix}.

更具体地可表示为

A \otimes B = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} b_{11} & a_{11} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{1q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{11} & a_{1n} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{1q} \\ a_{11} b_{21} & a_{11} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{2q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{21} & a_{1n} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{2q} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & & & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{11} b_{p1} & a_{11} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{pq} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{p1} & a_{1n} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{pq} \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots & \ddots & & \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots & & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ a_{m1} b_{11} & a_{m1} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{1q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{11} & a_{mn} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{1q} \\ a_{m1} b_{21} & a_{m1} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{2q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{21} & a_{mn} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{2q} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & & & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m1} b_{p1} & a_{m1} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{pq} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{p1} & a_{mn} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{pq} \end{bmatrix}.

例子

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} \otimes \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1\cdot 0 & 1\cdot 3 & 2\cdot 0 & 2\cdot 3 \\ 1\cdot 2 & 1\cdot 1 & 2\cdot 2 & 2\cdot 1 \\ 3\cdot 0 & 3\cdot 3 & 1\cdot 0 & 1\cdot 3 \\ 3\cdot 2 & 3\cdot 1 & 1\cdot 2 & 1\cdot 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 & 0 & 6 \\ 2 & 1 & 4 & 2 \\ 0 & 9 & 0 & 3 \\ 6 & 3 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}

.

\begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \\ a_{31} & a_{32} \end{bmatrix} \otimes \begin{bmatrix} b_{11} & b_{12} & b_{13} \\ b_{21} & b_{22} & b_{23} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} b_{11} & a_{11} b_{12} & a_{11} b_{13} & a_{12} b_{11} & a_{12} b_{12} & a_{12} b_{13} \\ a_{11} b_{21} & a_{11} b_{22} & a_{11} b_{23} & a_{12} b_{21} & a_{12} b_{22} & a_{12} b_{23} \\ a_{21} b_{11} & a_{21} b_{12} & a_{21} b_{13} & a_{22} b_{11} & a_{22} b_{12} & a_{22} b_{13} \\ a_{21} b_{21} & a_{21} b_{22} & a_{21} b_{23} & a_{22} b_{21} & a_{22} b_{22} & a_{22} b_{23} \\ a_{31} b_{11} & a_{31} b_{12} & a_{31} b_{13} & a_{32} b_{11} & a_{32} b_{12} & a_{32} b_{13} \\ a_{31} b_{21} & a_{31} b_{22} & a_{31} b_{23} & a_{32} b_{21} & a_{32} b_{22} & a_{32} b_{23} \end{bmatrix}

.

单词	Kronecker product
释义	Kronecker product 中文百科克罗内克积数学上，克罗内克积是两个任意大小的矩阵间的运算，表示为 $\otimes$ 。克罗内克积是张量积的特殊形式，以德国数学家利奥波德·克罗内克命名。如果A是一个 m × n 的矩阵，而B是一个 p × q 的矩阵，克罗内克积 $A \otimes B$ 则是一个 mp × nq 的分块矩阵 $A \otimes B = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} B & \cdots & a_{1n}B \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m1} B & \cdots & a_{mn} B \end{bmatrix}.$ 更具体地可表示为 $A \otimes B = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} b_{11} & a_{11} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{1q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{11} & a_{1n} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{1q} \\ a_{11} b_{21} & a_{11} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{2q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{21} & a_{1n} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{2q} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & & & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{11} b_{p1} & a_{11} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{11} b_{pq} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{p1} & a_{1n} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{1n} b_{pq} \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots & \ddots & & \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots & & \ddots & \vdots & \vdots & & \vdots \\ a_{m1} b_{11} & a_{m1} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{1q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{11} & a_{mn} b_{12} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{1q} \\ a_{m1} b_{21} & a_{m1} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{2q} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{21} & a_{mn} b_{22} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{2q} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots & & & \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m1} b_{p1} & a_{m1} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{m1} b_{pq} & \cdots & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{p1} & a_{mn} b_{p2} & \cdots & a_{mn} b_{pq} \end{bmatrix}.$ 例子 $\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} \otimes \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 \\ 2 & 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1\cdot 0 & 1\cdot 3 & 2\cdot 0 & 2\cdot 3 \\ 1\cdot 2 & 1\cdot 1 & 2\cdot 2 & 2\cdot 1 \\ 3\cdot 0 & 3\cdot 3 & 1\cdot 0 & 1\cdot 3 \\ 3\cdot 2 & 3\cdot 1 & 1\cdot 2 & 1\cdot 1 \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 3 & 0 & 6 \\ 2 & 1 & 4 & 2 \\ 0 & 9 & 0 & 3 \\ 6 & 3 & 2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}$ . $\begin{bmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} \\ a_{31} & a_{32} \end{bmatrix} \otimes \begin{bmatrix} b_{11} & b_{12} & b_{13} \\ b_{21} & b_{22} & b_{23} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} b_{11} & a_{11} b_{12} & a_{11} b_{13} & a_{12} b_{11} & a_{12} b_{12} & a_{12} b_{13} \\ a_{11} b_{21} & a_{11} b_{22} & a_{11} b_{23} & a_{12} b_{21} & a_{12} b_{22} & a_{12} b_{23} \\ a_{21} b_{11} & a_{21} b_{12} & a_{21} b_{13} & a_{22} b_{11} & a_{22} b_{12} & a_{22} b_{13} \\ a_{21} b_{21} & a_{21} b_{22} & a_{21} b_{23} & a_{22} b_{21} & a_{22} b_{22} & a_{22} b_{23} \\ a_{31} b_{11} & a_{31} b_{12} & a_{31} b_{13} & a_{32} b_{11} & a_{32} b_{12} & a_{32} b_{13} \\ a_{31} b_{21} & a_{31} b_{22} & a_{31} b_{23} & a_{32} b_{21} & a_{32} b_{22} & a_{32} b_{23} \end{bmatrix}$ . 英语百科 Kronecker product 克罗内克积 In mathematics, the Kronecker product, denoted by ⊗, is an operation on two matrices of arbitrary size resulting in a block matrix. It is a generalization of the outer product (which is denoted by the same symbol) from vectors to matrices, and gives the matrix of the tensor product with respect to a standard choice of basis. The Kronecker product should not be confused with the usual matrix multiplication, which is an entirely different operation.
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Kronecker product

克罗内克积

例子

Kronecker product 克罗内克积