酒神与太阳神或称戴奥尼索斯与阿波罗是一种哲学的、文学的概念，一种二分法。西方的文学及哲学家如：普鲁塔克、尼采、托马斯·曼等，都多以此理论为基础，作出文学或哲学评论。

虽然此理论是藉德国哲学家尼采的《悲剧的诞生》而广为人知，但其实它是普鲁士诗人弗里德里希·荷尔德林引用温克尔曼对酒神戴奥尼索斯的论述提出的。.

此理论描述的两个极端均是以希腊神话的神祇命名的。一个是太阳神阿波罗，另一个是丰收之神和酒神戴奥尼索斯。他们均是天神宙斯的儿子。阿波罗代表诗歌、预言、俊美整齐和光明；戴奥尼索斯则代表生命力、戏剧、狂喜和醉酒。文学评论家以他们对比的性格描述不同的艺术风格，但希腊神话中他们并非相反象征或仇敌。

The Apollonian and Dionysian is a philosophical and literary concept, or dichotomy, based on certain features of ancient Greek mythology. Many Western philosophical and literary figures have invoked this dichotomy in critical and creative works.

In Greek mythology, Apollo and Dionysus are both sons of Zeus. Apollo is the god of reason and the rational, while Dionysus is the god of the irrational and chaos. The Greeks did not consider the two gods to be opposites or rivals, although often the two deities were interlacing by nature.