尼罗鱼科（学名Kneriidae）为辐鳍鱼纲鼠鱚目的其中一科。

尼罗鱼科下分4个属：

The Kneriidae are a small family of freshwater gonorhynchiform fishes native to Africa.

They typically live in fast-flowing highland streams, and are small fish, no more than 15 cm (5.9 in) in length. Some species are sexually dimorphic, with the male possessing a rosette on the gill covers that is absent in the females. Other species are neotenic, retaining larval features into adulthood.