喀斯特地形（英语：karst topography），又称溶蚀地形、石灰岩地形，是具有溶蚀力的水对可溶性岩石进行溶蚀等作用所形成的地表和地下形态的总称。又称岩溶地貌。水对可溶性岩石所进行的作用，统称为喀斯特作用。一般指酸盐岩分布地区或存在流经石灰岩的地下水所特有的地貌现象。当雨水或者地下水与地面碳酸盐类岩石接触时，就会有少量碳酸盐溶于水中。经过长时期的溶解侵蚀，形成了以地表岩层千沟万壑为标志的地表特征。在喀斯特地貌下往往存在地下河、溶洞等景象。

喀斯特地形的地表崎岖、土壤十分贫瘠，不利农业发展，因此在云贵高原有「地无三里平，天无三日晴，人无三両银」的俗谚。但其千沟万壑的特色却十分受到观光客青睐。目前巴尔干半岛及中国重庆、广西、贵州、云南一带均有喀斯特地形的存在。

Karst topography is a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst surface developments might be totally missing.