光圈（英语：Aperture），是照相机上用来控制镜头孔径大小的部件，以控制景深、镜头成像质素、以及和快门协同控制进光量。有时也表示光圈值的概念。表达光圈大小用f值表示，对于已经制造好的镜头，不能随意改变镜头的直径，但是可以通过在镜头内部加入多边形或者圆型，并且面积可变的孔状光栅来达到控制镜头通光量，这个装置就叫做光圈，光圈f值=镜头的焦距/光圈口径。 光圈对照片的影响：光圈越大进光量越大，景深越小，f值越小。

In optics, a diaphragm is a thin opaque structure with an opening (aperture) at its center. The role of the diaphragm is to stop the passage of light, except for the light passing through the aperture. Thus it is also called a stop (an aperture stop, if it limits the brightness of light reaching the focal plane, or a field stop or flare stop for other uses of diaphragms in lenses). The diaphragm is placed in the light path of a lens or objective, and the size of the aperture regulates the amount of light that passes through the lens. The centre of the diaphragm's aperture coincides with the optical axis of the lens system.