For both males and females, Kallmann syndrome often leads to infertility.

对男性和女性双方而言，Kallmann综合征常导致不育。

Because of this, Kallmann syndrome is a type of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism disorder.

正因如此，Kallmann综合征是一种低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症。

In Kallmann syndrome, there's an under-development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.

在Kallmann综合征中，第一性征和第二性征发育不良。

Genetic tests for known gene mutation associated with Kallmann syndrome can also be done.

也可对已知与Kallmann综合征相关的基因突变进行基因检测。

In Kallmann syndrome, there's a defect in the migration of the neurons coming out of the olfactory placode.

在Kallmann综合征中，神经元迁移出嗅觉基板存在缺陷。

These include Kallmann syndrome, where GnRH producing neurons fail to migrate from the nose region to the hypothalamus during fetal development.

这包括Kallmann综合征，即制造GnRH的神经元在胚胎发育时未能从鼻区域迁移至下丘脑。

Other ones include a tumor of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, and congenital causes include Kallmann syndrome and panhypopituitarism.

其他病因还包括垂体或下丘脑肿瘤，而其先天因素包括Kallmann综合征和全垂体功能减退症。

So, to recap: Kallmann syndrome is a type of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism where olfactory neurons and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons don't function normally.

Kallmann综合征是一种低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退症，其嗅觉神经元与促性腺激素释放激素神经元不能发挥正常功能。

With Kallmann syndrome, there may be anosmia, or absent sense of smell, because the neurons responsible for olfaction are closely related to the ones that release GnRH.

Kallmann综合征中，患者可能伴随嗅觉丧失，因为嗅觉神经元与释放GnRH的神经元密切相关。

A diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome is made based on identifying low levels of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, low gonadotropins (LF and FSH) and low sex hormones, with normal levels of other pituitary hormones.

Kallmann综合征的诊断是基于检测出低水平的促性腺激素释放激素、低促性腺激素（促黄体生成素和卵泡刺激素）和低水平的性激素，而其他垂体激素水平正常。