Josephson voltage standard

Fig. 1 Constant voltage steps in the I-V curve of a junction driven with microwave radiation for (a) a low capacitance junction and (b) a high capacitance junction.

Fig. 2 The approximate level of agreement in dc voltage measurements among standards laboratories through the years 1930 to 2000.

Fig. 3. The structure of a superconductor-insulator-superconductor Josephson junction typically used in dc voltage standards.

Fig. 4 A three-dimensional visualization of the region of stable voltage operation as a function of L, W, and J.

A Josephson voltage standard is a complex system that uses a superconductive integrated circuit chip operating at 4 K to generate stable voltages that depend only on an applied frequency and fundamental constants. It is an intrinsic standard in the sense that it does not depend on any physical artifact. It is the most accurate method to generate or measure voltage and, by international agreement, is the basis for voltage standards around the World.

单词	Josephson voltage standard
释义	Josephson voltage standard 英语百科 Josephson voltage standard A Josephson voltage standard is a complex system that uses a superconductive integrated circuit chip operating at 4 K to generate stable voltages that depend only on an applied frequency and fundamental constants. It is an intrinsic standard in the sense that it does not depend on any physical artifact. It is the most accurate method to generate or measure voltage and, by international agreement, is the basis for voltage standards around the World.
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