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单词 John Tuzo Wilson
释义

John Tuzo Wilson

中文百科

约翰·图佐·威尔逊

约翰·图佐·威尔逊(John Tuzo Wilson, 1908年10月24日-1993年4月15日)是一位加拿大地球物理学家和地质学家,因对板块构造论的贡献而在全世界享有声誉。威尔逊是加拿大勋章获得者,大英帝国勋章获得者,英国王家协会会员,加拿大王家学会会员,爱丁堡王家学会会员。

板块构造论认为,地球的坚硬外层(包括地壳和上地幔的一部分),即岩石圈,是破碎成许多板块的,这些板块在较软的软流圈上各自运动。威尔逊指出,夏威夷群岛的形成就和板块运动有关,当涵盖了太平洋大部分面积的太平洋板块以缓慢速度向西北方漂过一个位置固定的热点时,这个热点便形成一系列火山,突出水面的部分就是夏威夷群岛。他还提出了转换断层的概念,这是指两个板块彼此之间发生水平运动时形成的断层(如圣安德烈斯断层),转换断层可以构成三种主要板块边界之一的转换边界。1973年,他还提出了威尔逊旋回的假说,这是指海底周期性地扩张和消减的过程。后来这个概念被进一步扩充为超大陆旋回假说)。

英语百科

John Tuzo Wilson 约翰·图佐·威尔逊

John Tuzo Wilson, CC, OBE, FRS, FRSC, FRSE (October 24, 1908 – April 15, 1993) was a Canadian geophysicist and geologist who achieved worldwide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of plate tectonics.

Plate tectonics is the idea that the rigid outer layers of the Earth (crust and part of the upper mantle), the lithosphere, are broken up into numerous pieces or "plates" that move independently over the weaker asthenosphere. Wilson maintained that the Hawaiian Islands were created as a tectonic plate (extending across much of the Pacific Ocean) which shifted to the northwest over a fixed hotspot, spawning a long series of volcanoes. He also conceived of the transform fault, a major plate boundary where two plates move past each other horizontally (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). His name was given to two young Canadian submarine volcanoes called the Tuzo Wilson Seamounts. The Wilson cycle of seabed expansion and contraction (also called the Supercontinent cycle) bears his name.

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更新时间:2025/6/18 23:32:44