温克尔曼（Johann Joachim Winckelmann，1717年12月9日－1768年6月8日）生于德国司登达（Stendal），在意大利的里雅斯特逝世，德国考古学家与艺术学家。

他为考古学奠基。温克尔曼是文艺复兴人文主义者Flavio Biondo的追随者，因此自称意大利人文主义者。Biondo以前为古董收藏者，因此温克尔曼的古物艺术的艺术史学方法也是跟随着Biondo。温克尔曼的艺术评价成为美学的基础。

1768年，温克尔曼到维也纳接受玛丽亚·特蕾西亚嘉奖，在返回罗马居处的途中，在意大利的里雅斯特一间旅馆内，因同行的旅人觊觎他手上的奖牌，而把温克尔曼杀害，后来温克尔下葬于的里雅斯特大教堂。

Johann Joachim Winckelmann (9 December 1717 – 8 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the difference between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology", Winckelmann was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the history of art. Many consider him the father of the discipline of art history. His would be the decisive influence on the rise of the neoclassical movement during the late 18th century. His writings influenced not only a new science of archaeology and art history but Western painting, sculpture, literature and even philosophy. Winckelmann's History of Ancient Art (1764) was one of the first books written in German to become a classic of European literature. His subsequent influence on Lessing, Herder, Goethe, Hölderlin, Heine, Nietzsche, George, and Spengler has been provocatively called "the Tyranny of Greece over Germany."