詹姆斯·惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler，1834年7月11日－1903年7月17日），著名印象派画家，父亲是美国工程师，全家曾居于圣彼得堡。惠斯勒曾入读西点军校，之后自选画家为职业。

惠斯勒出生于马萨诸塞州，21岁时怀着成为艺术家的雄心前往巴黎。他在伦敦创建起事业，从此未曾返回祖国。多年后，他成为19世纪美术史上最前卫的画家之一。作为一名旅居者，惠斯勒没有受到为道德而艺术的美国趋势的影响。相反，他甚至追求唯美主义，即“为艺术而艺术”（art for art's sake），这种理论认为美感应当是艺术追求的唯一目标。

James Abbott McNeill Whistler (ˈdʒeɪmz ˈæbət məkˈniːl ˈwɪslɚ) (July 10, 1834 – July 17, 1903) was an American-born, British-based artist active during the American Gilded Age. He was averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, and was a leading proponent of the credo "art for art's sake". His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger for a tail. The symbol was apt, for it combined both aspects of his personality—his art was characterized by a subtle delicacy, while his public persona was combative. Finding a parallel between painting and music, Whistler entitled many of his paintings "arrangements", "harmonies", and "nocturnes", emphasizing the primacy of tonal harmony. His most famous painting is "Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1" (1871), commonly known as Whistler's Mother, the revered and oft-parodied portrait of motherhood. Whistler influenced the art world and the broader culture of his time with his artistic theories and his friendships with leading artists and writers.