James Mill (born James Milne, 6 April 1773 – 23 June 1836) was a Scottish historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher. He often lists as a founders of Ricardian economics, and as the father of John Stuart Mill, the philosopher of liberalism. His influential History of British India contains a complete denunciation and rejection of Indian culture and civilisation. He divided Indian history into three parts: Hindu, Muslim and British.